If you compare this to an IF-THEN-ELSE statement, it would look like this: IF ( expression = search) THEN result
If the default value is not provided, the DECODE function will return NULL if no matches are found.
default (optional): If none of the search values match, then this value is returned. There can be multiple combinations of search and result values, and the result value is attached to the previous search value. result (mandatory): This is what is returned if the search value mentioned previously matches the expression value. search (mandatory): This is the value to compare against the expression. expression (mandatory): This is the value to compare. The parameters of the Oracle DECODE function are: The syntax of the DECODE function is: DECODE ( expression, search, result. It works similar to an IF statement within other languages. It allows you to provide a value, and then evaluate other values against it and show different results. It’s similar to a CASE statement, but CASE is a statement where DECODE is a function. The purpose of the Oracle DECODE function is to perform an IF-THEN-ELSE function. 
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